domestic violence awareness monthThis October is Domestic Violence (DV) Awareness Month. This month, we will take time to raise awareness, recognition, and provide support to those experiencing or have experienced domestic violence. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline (https://www.thehotline.org/resources/statistics/), every minute, 24 people become victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in the United States — more than 12 million women and men over the course of a year. Domestic violence affects millions regardless of their age, gender, race, culture, religion, and status. For that, it is imperative for everyone to take action. What is Domestic Violence? Although there are many forms of domestic violence, they commonly include: behavior that is used to gain power over a spouse, partner, or close family member. We (the youth interns) also learned that DV methods can be learned over time in a toxic relationship- it may not just happen under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Many times the root cause of domestic violence can be a perpetrator’s insecurities, or stress from external circumstances. Specifically in the Asian Community, we (the youth interns) found that domestic violence can manifest itself differently in different communities. The API community consists of vastly different cultures, languages, and traditions. Studies have shown that about 1 in 5 API women have experienced some form of intimate partner violence. Common forms of domestic violence can include the following:
What is the current status of Sexual Abuse and Domestic Violence due to COVID-19?
Due to social distancing and lockdowns worldwide, people who are experiencing domestic violence are trapped in their homes with their abusers. Victims and survivors have been isolated from people and potential resources that could take them out of these harmful situations. Current organizations that provide relief to victims are working in overdrive due to the difficulty of reaching isolated victims. It has become a near-impossible challenge to keep families safe and provide them with shelter, food, legal aid, and counseling. This was a major reason that we found it so hard to find statistics specific to COVID-19 on this topic. We (the youth interns) found that DV has become incredibly hard to research during the global pandemic due to widespread isolation. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations reported an increase in crisis hotline phone calls and abrupt disconnections. In this sense, victims and survivors are faced with a double edged sword. On one side, abuse can be reported but there aren’t enough resources to help each survivor due to the increased need of relief due to the Coronavirus; on the other side, victims are not able to call for the help they need because of the highly volatile living situations they are in. Both of these cases are psychologically harmful to victims and survivors. Cultural Factors that Affect Domestic Violence Discussions and Research We know the statistics on domestic violence and gender based violence. But why do Asian American/Pacific Islanders have less specific stats? We look into the root of gender based violence in our community. What factors silence victims/survivors in the AAPI community from speaking out? What cultural and immigration barriers do they face if they report domestic violence? Growing up as Asian Americans, we (the Youth Interns) have learned time and time again that sexuality, sex, sexual health, and intimacy are taboo topics that should never be discussed. We are discouraged from finding romantic partners until we are adults, we rarely talk with our parents/community about sexual health, and we are left to learn everything from the internet or our peers. These cultural traditions of silence around the idea of partnership and intimacy are found elsewhere in the world, but are especially prevalent amongst our communities. For many Asian communities, talking to families and friends about domestic violence can be taboo due to certain stigmas in the Asian culture. Oftentimes, victims/survivors feel afraid to speak out in fear of bringing shame upon their family. The idea of “saving face” is often the most important place to display a family’s educational and family background. However, public perception conceals emotions that can display signs of violence in the household. Traditional cultural values also play a factor in DV since gender roles force women to stay silent. Speaking out can cause a greater stigma attached to the victim/survivor than the perpetrator. In addition, internalized patriarchal values also see violence against women as justified by male partners. While culture represents identities and connection to one’s community, it is also used to justify domestic violence evoked by traditional beliefs and practices. One key factor in reporting domestic violence is just that—the reporting. Many AAPI-identifying victims/survivors do not have a comfortable relationship with the police. Some originate from nations torn by violence and are generally distrusting of authority as a result of previous historical trauma. Many more are not well versed in how to even broach the subject of reporting to the police—who do they call? Where do their complaints go? What happens next? Some AAPI face language barriers that make it difficult for them to communicate their violence to the police and authorities, compounded by the psychological violence that can occur with anyone being forced to relive and recount traumatizing events. It is also important to recognize the differences among API communities, such as language, immigration status, and degree of assimilation, in public services and policing. However, there exists little to no culturally relative policing training in regards to Asian American Pacific Islanders. On the whole, police/authorities in the US are simply not equipped with the cultural knowledge required to handle domestic violence in the AAPI community. Another factor that contributes to the silence around reporting domestic violence in the AAPI community is immigration status. In many communities, a male adult may move to the States and gain a visa or citizenship, and women in his community may feel compelled to marry him to secure citizenship and remain in a marriage that turns abusive. Further, many AAPI choose to stay in abusive relationships because they fear losing money to send back to their families. Take, for example, an AAPI woman who fills traditional gender roles and does not speak fluent English and does not have a job in the United States, supported financially by her husband who sends money back to both their families. If her husband were to become abusive, she may feel financially coerced into remaining with him to protect her family as well as shamed into staying silent because she does not want to disappoint or worry her family. This isolation from any support, whether it be family, friends, or community, can be psychologically difficult for any victim/survivor to navigate. Resources for Victims, Survivors, and Allies for Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence: Iowa Coalition Against Domestic Violence (ICADV) https://www.icadv.org/legal-clinic. Iowa Coalition Against Sexual Assault (IowaCASA) https://www.iowacasa.org/resources. Monsoon Asians and Pacific Islanders in Solidarity https://monsooniowa.org/resource/. How to be an Ally for Victims and Survivors of Domestic Abuse: Here are a few tips on how to become an effective ally for victims and survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault:
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